The oldest rule in investing, quietly broken
More risk, more return.
The data has disagreed for fifty years.
A dollar in the calmest US stocks and a dollar in the wildest ones, tracked from 1968 to 2011. The textbook says the wild one should win. It lost, and it lost badly.
The line every finance course opens with
Take more risk to earn more return. At the two ends of the scale, the market has spent decades saying otherwise.